COMPLETING SENTENCE
COMPLETING SENTENCE
So that / in order that (hv‡Z K‡i),
Structure: (subject) + verb + …. + So that / in order that + subject + can/ may + verb base form (present form).
Example:
Þ We eat so that we may live.
Þ Avgiv LvB †hb †e‡P _vwK|
Þ Read attentively so that you may pass.
Þ Palash went to bazaar in order that he could buy some vegetables.
Þ The students went to the school library so that they might borrow some books.
Þ Eva closed the door in order that thieves could not enter the room.
Þ Sumaya went out in disguise so that none could recognize her.
So….that (GZB....†h),
Structure1: (subject) + verb + so + adjective/adverb….+ that + subject + modal ( not) + verb ( present form) …… Structure2: (subject) + verb + so + adjective/ adverb…+ that + subject + verb……. Structure3: (subject) + verb + so + adjective/ adverb…+ that + subject + do/ does / did + not + verb (present form) …..
Example:
Þ Rakibul is so weak that he can not do this work.
Þ ivwKeyj GZB `~e©j ‡h †m GB KvRwU Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
Þ Alim was so strong that he could carry this load easily.
Þ You are so wicked that everybody does not like you.
Þ Rima was so beautiful that everybody liked her.
Þ They are walking so fast that they will reach there in five minutes.
In spite of/ Despite (m‡ËI),
Structure: in spite of / Despite + noun/ noun phrase/ gerund + wecixZ A_© c&ªKvk K‡i Ggb clause.
Þ NB. Noun phrase: possessive pronoun + noun.../ verb + ing…
Gerund: verb + ing…
Example:
Þ In spite of (my) illness, I went to college.
Þ (Avgvi) Amy¯’Zv m‡Ë¡I Avwg K‡j‡R wM‡qwQjvg|
Þ Despite his poverty, Babu could continue his study.
Þ In spite of (his) being rich, Najmul does not help the poor.
Þ In spite of advancement of civilization, people still die from hunger.
Þ Despite many rivers, Bangladesh suffers from want of water for irrigation.
Instead of / In lieu of (cwie‡Z©),
Structure: instead of/ in lieu of + noun/ noun phrase/ gerund…….. + clause.
Example:
Þ Instead of learning her lessons, Sumaya went to bed.
Þ covi cwie‡Z© mygvBqv Ny‡gv‡Z †Mj|
Þ In lieu of Economics, Palash took Mathematics.
Þ I gave the boy a book instead of a toy.
Though/ Although (hw`I),
Structure: Though/ Although + clause……… + wecwiZ A_© cÖKvk K‡i Ggb clause.
Example:
Þ Though Asif is poor, he is morally courage.
Þ hw`I Avwmd Mixe, †m ˆbwZKfv‡e mvnmx|
Þ They have no pride although they are famous.
Þ Although it was raining, Eva went out without an umbrella.
Þ I will reach in time though I have no car.
Too….to (GZB..†h..bv),
Structure1: subject + verb + too + adjective/ adverb + to + verb ( present form )…
Example:
Þ Alim is too short to touch the ceiling.
Þ Avwjg GZB Lv‡Uv †h †m Qv` ¯úk© Ki‡Z cv‡ibv|
Þ Babu is too ill to go out.
Þ Rakibul is too honest to tell a lie.
Þ They walk too slowly to reach in time.
Þ Our performance is too bad to get A+ grade in the exam.
Þ Sumaya is too miser to arrange even a tea party.
Þ His hand writing is too illegible to read.
Structure2: subject + verb + too + adjective/ adverb + for + (e¨vw³ evPK) object+ to + verb( present form) ……
Example:
Þ The ceiling is too high for Alim to touch.
Þ The path was too long for Ratna to go on foot.
Þ The teacher lectures too fast for the students to follow.
Þ The sum is too hard for me to do.
Þ AsKwU Avgvi Rb¨ GZB KwVb †h Ki‡Z cvwibv|
If (hw`),
gyj structure: If + kZ© cÖKvk K‡i Ggb evK¨vsk, + dj cÖKvk K‡i Ggb evK¨vsk. Structure1: if + subject + verb (present form)……, subject + will/ may/ can + verb ( present form ) …….
Example:
Þ If it rains, I shall stay indoor.
Þ hw` e„wó nq, Avwg N‡iB _vK‡ev|
Þ If you want, he will help you.
Þ You will learn more if you read more.
Þ If they play in the rain, they will catch cold.
Structure2: if + subject + verb ( past form ) …. , subject + might/ would/ could + verb (present form) ………..
Example:
Þ If you studied hard, you would not fail in the examination.
Þ Sumaya might help if Eva wanted.
Þ Bfv hw` PvB‡Zv mygvBqv nq‡Zv mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zv|
Note: past indefinite tense Gi conditional clause G “be” verb wU mKj subject Gi c‡iB “ were” nq .
Þ If I were a rich man, I could help the poor.
Þ Avwg hw` abx nZvg, Mixe‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ KiZvg|
Note: gyj verb wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ “ were” Ges “had”, subject Gi c~‡e© em‡j ‘ if ’ QvovB conditional clause ( past indefinite ) Gi A_© cÖKvk K‡i. †m‡¶‡Î, cieZx© clause wUi structure GKB _v‡K.
Þ Were I a rich man, I could help the poor.
Þ Had I a lot of money, I would establish a school.
Þ Avgvi hw` cÖPzi UvKv _vK‡Zv, Avwg GKwU ¯‹zj cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cviZg|
Structure: if + subject + had + verb (past participle form) ….., subject + might/ could/ would + have + verb( p. participle form)…..
Example:
Þ If you had started earlier, you would not have missed the train.
Þ hw` Zzwg Av‡iv Av‡M ïi“ Ki‡Z, Zzwg nq‡Zv †UªbwU wgm Ki‡Z bv|
Þ If Nusrat had tried again, she might have succeeded.
Þ I could have told him about you if I had found him.
NOTE: G‡¶‡ÎI auxiliary verb wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ had ‡K subject Gi c~‡e© emv‡j if QvovB conditional clause ( past perfect) Gi A_© cÖKvk K‡i. d‡j cieZx© clause wU GKB structure AYymiY K‡i.
Þ Had she tried again, she might have succeeded.
Þ c~bivq †Póv Ki‡j, †m nq‡Zv mdj n‡Zv|
Þ Had I been a rich man, I would have helped the poor villagers.
On account of/ Because of (Rb¨/ Kvi‡b),
Owing to/ Due to (R‡b¨/Kvi‡b),
Structure: on account of/ because of +Kvib cÖKvk K‡i Ggb noun/ noun phrase/ gerund ……, + dj cÖKvk K‡i Ggb clause.
Example:
Þ Because of his ( having ) good qualification, he got a good job.
Þ fvj †hvM¨Zv _vKvi Kvi‡b †m fvj PvKzix †cj|
Þ On account of his illness, he could not attend the class.
Þ On account of his ( being ) ill, he could not attend the class.
Þ Because of drought, croups did not grow well.
Þ Owing to his hard work, Hafiz succeeded in life.
Þ Due to her poverty, Sumaya could not continue her study.
As if/ As though (Ggb fv‡e....†hb),
Structure1: subject + verb (present form) …..+ as if/ as though + subject + verb ( past form ) .
Example:
Þ Rakib acts as if he became mad.
Þ ivwKe Ggb fv‡e KvR K‡i ‡hb †m cvMj|
Þ Sharmin pretends as though she knew every thing.
Þ Shamim orders Alim as though Alim were his servent,
Þ Ratna talks as if she did not know any thing.
Structure2: subject + verb (past form) ...as if + subject + had + verb (p. participle form)
Example:
Þ He ordered me as if he had become my master.
Þ She acted as though she had not copied.
Þ ‡m Ggb fvb ai‡jv †hb †m bKj K‡iwb|
NOTE: as if/ as though Gi c‡i “be” verb Gi past form wn‡m‡e mKj subject Gi c‡iB were e‡m .
Þ Eva acted as if/ as though she were mad.
It is noun t/pronoun + who + V
e¨vw³evPK
H e¨w³ †h, ...........................
It is shafiq who is a teacher.
kwdK H e¨w³ †h GKRb wk¶K
kwdKB GKRb wk¶K
Jamal is present who can solve it.
I know jamal who is expert in math.
Avwg Rvgvj‡K wPwb †h, MwY‡Z `¶|
There is a mosque which was built.
* Relative pronoun; who (e¨w³), what, which, that,
We visited Tajmahal which was very beautiful.
As/ Since (‡h‡nZz)/ Because (Kvib),
Structure: As/ Since/ Because + Kvib cÖKvk K‡i Ggb clause, + dj cÖKvk K‡i Ggb clause.
Example:
Þ As/ Since you did not study well, you failed in the examination.
Þ ‡h‡nZy fv‡jv cov‡kvbv K‡ivwb, Zywg cix¶vq e¨v_© n‡q‡Qv|
Þ Everybody respects Mr. Hafiz because he is very honest.
Þ Avgiv Rbve nvwdR mv‡ne‡K kª×v Kwi Kvib †m mr|
Þ We believed Shafiq as he never told lies.
Þ We should gain education because no nation can develop without it.
Þ As/since Hamid has a lot of money, he can easily set up a school in the village.
Lest (cv‡Q/hv‡Z bv),
Structure: (subject) + verb + ... lest + subject + should/ might + verb Gi ( present form)
NOTE: lest Gi Wv‡b KLbI bv‡evaK ( negative ) .
Example:
Þ Work hard lest you should / might fail.
Þ The little girl is walking very carefully lest she should/might fall.
Þ ‡QvU †g‡qwU mZK©fv‡e nvU‡Q hv‡Z †m bv c‡i hvq|
Þ Make hurry to the station lest we should / might miss the train.
It is time (GUvB Dchy³ mgq),
Structure1: It is time + to + verb ( present form )
Example:
Þ It is time to go to college.
Þ It is time to gain knowledge.
Þ Ávb AR©‡bi GUvB Dchy³ mgq|
Þ It is time to learn your lesson.
Structure2: it is time + for +( e¨vw³ evPK)object + to + verb (present form)…..
Example:
Þ It is time for you to earn your livelihood.
Þ RxweKv AR©‡bi †Zvgvi GUvB Dchy³ mgq|
Þ It is time for us to work together.
Þ It is time for them to play.
It is high time/it is time,
Structure: it is high time/ it is time + subject +verb (past form) + ………
Example:
Þ It is high time/ it is time we went to college.
Þ It is high time/ it is time Shamim gave up smoking.
Þ a~gcvb Z¨vM Kivi kvgx‡gi GUvB Dchy³ mgq|
Þ It is high time/ it is time students gained knowledge.
When (hLb - ZLb),
Structure: When + Sub + Verb2 + ………………………, Sub + Verb2 + ……………
Example:
Þ When they saw the bear, they ran away.
Þ When we heard the news, we went there.
While/Whereas (hLb, A_P, †hLv‡b),
Structure: (Sub) + Verb + ………… While + Sub + Verb + ……………
Example:
Þ Don’t go out while it rains.
Þ I was fishing while it was raining.
Þ I help him while he dislikes me.
Þ Bashir is regular while he disturbs us.
Until (‡h ch©š— bv) Till (‡h ch©š—),
Structure: (Sub) + Verb + Untill/Till + Sub + Verb + ……………
Example:
Þ Please wait here till the rain stops.
Þ Wait here until father comes back.
Unless/If not (hw` bv),
Structure: Unless + Sub + Verb, ………… Sub + Can not + Verb1 + ……………
Example:
Þ Unless you labor hard, you can’t shine in life.
Þ If you don’t study hard, you can’t do well in the exam.
As Long As/So long (‡h ch©š—/hZ¶b ch©š—),
Structure: (Sub) + Verb + ……… So long/As long + Sub + Verb + ……………
Example:
Þ Allah will help us as long we are sincere.
Þ Wait here so long the sun is hot.
No Sooner ……Than, Scarcely ……When, Hardly ……When/Beforee
(‡h‡Z ...........bv †h‡Z, †`L‡Z............bv †`L‡Z, ïb‡Z ........bv ïb‡Z),
Structure: No Sooner had/Scarcely had/Hardly + Sub + Verb3 …………than/ when + Sub + Verb2.
Example:
Þ No Sooner had I reached college than the bell rang.
Þ Scarcely had we reached home when the rain started.
Þ Hardly had the bell rung when/before I reached college.
The Place where(¯’vb eySv‡Z), The time when (mgq eySv‡Z),
The reason why (KviY eySv‡Z), The way/process how (aib/Dcvq eySv‡Z),
Structure: Subject + Verb + the place where / the time when / the reason why / the way how/ the process how + Subject + Verb ……………
Example:
Þ January is the month when the year begins.
Þ A railway station is the place where trains stop.
Þ I know the reason why he left the place.
Þ This is the way how you can go to college.
Note: Place I time Gi cwie‡Z© Ab¨ †Kvb kã I em‡Z cv‡i|
Whether……or (c‡o wK c‡ibv, n‡e wK n‡e bv),
Structure: Sub + do not + V1 + whether + Sub + V1 + or not…………
Example:
Þ We don’t know whether they come or not.
Þ I don’t know whether they will go or not.
Not only ……..But also (ïay ...... bq.......I),
Structure: Not only + noun / pronoun + but also + noun / pronoun + Verb + …………
Example:
Þ Not only Nuzhat but also Nafiz is meritorious.
Þ I gave him not only a book also a pen.
Either……or (nq.......... A_ev),
Structure: Either + Noun / pronoun + or + noun / pronoun + Verb + …………
Example:
Þ Either Nipu or Boby has done it.
Þ I gave him either a book or a pen.
Neither……nor (GUvI bv.......... IUvI bv),
Structure: Neither + Noun / pronoun + nor + noun / pronoun + Verb + …………
Example:
Þ He came neither early nor late.
Þ Neither Sylhet nor Chittagong is the capital city of Bangladesh.
After/Before
AZxZ Kv‡j msNwUZ `ywU NUbvi g‡a¨ GKwU A‡c¶vK…Z Av‡M Ges Ab¨wU A‡c¶vK…Z c‡i eySv‡j c~‡e© msNwUZ NUbvwU Past perfect G n‡e|
Structure 1: Clause (past indefinite tense) + after + clause (past perfect tense). Structure 2: Clause (past perfect tense) + before + clause (past indefinite tense).
Example:
Þ He went to bed after he had learnt his lessons.
Þ The students had reached the college before the bell rang.
Þ They had worked hard before they prospered in life.
Co-relatives
‡Kvb ev‡K¨I cÖ_g clause G as, so, such, same _vK‡j cieZ©x clause wU correlative wnmv‡e as wb‡q ïi“ nq|
Structure : No other + noun + than e‡m|
Example:
Þ You are not so meritorious as he (is).
Þ English is as difficult to you as to others.
Þ This is the same mistake as you made before.
Þ Choose only such friends as you can trust.
Þ I have no other book than this.
Exercise for Practice
Exercise for Practice
1. If i were you,............
2. If you invite me, ......
3. Walk fast least.........
4. He went to market so that...
5. He speaks as if,....................
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