VOICE CHANGE
VOICE
Subject wb‡R KvR K‡i bv KvR Zvi Dci c‡o Zv eySv‡bvi Rb¨ Verb Gi †h form ev iƒc e¨envi Kiv nq Zvi bvgB Voice.
Voice `yB cÖKvi
I) Active Voice II) Passive VoiceVoice Change
Active
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Passive
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|
Verb (base form) V1
|
-
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Am / Is / Are + V3
|
Verb (past form) V2
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-
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Was / Were + V3
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Am / Is / Are + (V + ing)
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-
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Am / IS / Are + being + V3
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Was / Were + (V + ing)
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-
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Was / Were + being + V3
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Have / Has / Had
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-
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Have / Has / Had + been + V3
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Have / Has / Had + been
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-
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Have / Has / Had + been + being + V3
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Modal ( Can, Could, May + V1)
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-
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Modal + be + V3
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Used to
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-
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Used to + be + V3
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Ought to
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-
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Ought to + be + V3
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Going to
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-
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to be + going to + be + V3
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Shall / Will
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-
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Will be / Shall be
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Will be
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-
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Will be being
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Will have
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-
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Will have been
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Will have been
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-
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Will have been being
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wet `ªt- Verb ‡K hw` †K ev Kviv Øviv cÖkœ Kiv nq
Z‡e Subject cvIqv hvq| Ges wK ev
Kv‡K Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡j Object cvIqv hvq|
Voice
Subject wb‡R KvR K‡i bv KvR Zvi Dci c‡o Zv eySv‡bvi Rb¨ Verb Gi †h form ev iƒc e¨envi Kiv nq Zvi bvgB Voice.
Voice
`yB cÖKvi
I) Active Voice II) Passive Voice
Active ‡_‡K Passive Kivi wbqgvejxt-
1.
Active Voice Gi Object n‡e Sub Ges
Sub by †hv‡M Object.
2. Tense Abymv‡i to be verb em‡e|
3.
g~j
Verb wUi past participle
(V3) n‡e|
4.
evK¨wU †h Tense G _vK‡e Zvi wVK c‡ii tense Gi to be verb wb‡Z n‡e|
Subject
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*
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Object
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||||
I
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=
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Avwg
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*
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Me
|
=
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Avgv‡K
|
You
|
=
|
Zzwg
|
*
|
You
|
=
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‡Zvgv‡K
|
He
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=
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‡m
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*
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Him
|
=
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Zv‡K
|
She
|
=
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‡m
|
*
|
Her
|
=
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Zv‡K
|
We
|
=
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Avgiv
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*
|
Us
|
=
|
Avgv‡`i‡K
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They
|
=
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Zvnviv
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*
|
Them
|
=
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Zv‡`i‡K
|
It
|
=
|
Bnv
|
*
|
It
|
=
|
Bnv‡K
|
Hasan
|
=
|
nvmvb
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*
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Hasan
|
=
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nvmvb‡K
|
Present
indefinite tense:
v
Structure: S + V1 (s/es) + ob → ob + (am / is / are) + V3 + by + Sub
Example:
1.
I write a letter. → Answer: A
letter is written by me.
2.
He sings a song. → Answer: A song
is sung by him.
Present continuous
tense:
v
Structure: S + am / is / are + V + ing + ob → ob + am / is / are + being + by + sub.
Example:
1.
I am doing the sum. → Answer: The
sum is being done by me.
2.
He is making a kite. → Answer: Kits
is being made by him.
Present perfect
tense:
v
Structure: Sub + have / has + V3 + ob → ob + have / has been + V3 + by + sub.
Example:
1.
He has bought a book. → Answer: A
book has been bought by him.
2.
You have drawn a picture. → Answer: A
picture has been drawn by you.
Present perfect
continuous tense:
v
Structure: S + am / is / are + V + ing + ob → ob + am / is / are + being + by + sub.
Example:
1.
I have been watching TV for an hour.
Answer:
TV has been being watched for an hour by me.
Past
indefinite tense:
v
Structure: Sub + V2 + ob → ob + was / were + V3 + by + sub.
Example:
1.
Mother cooked rice. → Answer: Rice
was cooked by mother.
2.
Mr. Jaman invited us. → Answer: We
were invited by Mr. Jaman.
Past
continuous tense:
v
Structure: Sub + was
/ were + V + ing + ob → ob + was / were + being + V3
+ by + sub.
Example:
1.
Tanin was eating rice. → Answer: Rice
was being eaten by Tanin.
2.
I was drinking water. → Answer: Water
was being drunk by me.
Past perfect tense:
v
Structure: Sub + had + V3 + ob → ob + had been + V3 + by + sub.
Example:
1.
The students had made a noise → Answer: A noise had been made by the students.
2.
The boy had caught a bird. → Answer: A bird had been caught by the boy.
Past perfect continuous
tense:
v
Structure: Sub + had been + V + ing + ob → ob + had been + being + V3 + by + sub.
Example:
1.
She had been speaking English → Answer: English had been being spoken by her.
Future
indefinite tense:
v
Structure: Sub + will / shall + V1 + ob → ob + will / shall + be + V3 + by + sub.
Example:
1.
I shall do it. → Answer: It
will be done by me.
2.
I will catch fish. → Answer: Fish
will be caught by me.
Future
continuous tense:
v
Structure: Sub + will be + V + ing + ob → ob + will be + being + V3 + by + sub.
Example:
1.
She will be reading a book. → Answer: A book will be being read by her.
2.
They will be playing card. → Answer: Card will be being played by them.
Future perfect
tense:
v
Structure: Sub + will have + V3 + ob → ob + will have been + V3 + by + sub.
Example:
1.
Rahim will have written a letter. → Answer: A letter will have been written by Rahim.
Future perfect
continuous tense:
v
Structure: Sub + will have been + V+ ing + ob
v
Structure: Ob + will have been + being + V3
+ by + sub.
Example:
Modal Gi c‡i be + V3 †hvM K‡i Passive Ki‡Z nq|
(Sub + modal + be + V3 + by + ob)
Example:
1.
I can run computer. → Answer: Computer
can be run by me.
2.
You should help the poor. → Answer: The
poor should be helped by you.
Reflexive
object:
G ‡¶‡Î I Gi †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv| Ges evwK me wbqg Av‡Mi gZB n‡e|
Example:
1.
He killed himself. → Answer: He
was killed by himself.
Going to Gi e¨envi
G ai‡bi ev‡K¨ going to Gi c‡i be
+ V3 †hvM K‡i passive Kiv nq|
Example:
1.
I am going to open a bank account.
Answer: A bank account is going to be
opened by me.
2.
We are going to making a garden.
Answer: Garden is going
to be made by us.
Double object Gi e¨envi
G ai‡bi ev‡K¨ cÖ_g object †K passive ev‡K¨i sub evbv‡Z n‡e Ges wØZxq object †K V3
Gi c‡i emv‡bv hvq|
Example:
1.
He gave me a pen. → Answer: I was
given a pen by him.
2.
I shall write her a letter. → Answer: She will be written a letter by me.
Factitive
object
1.
We made him captain. → Answer: He
was made captain by us.
2.
They selected me chairman. → Answer: I was selected chairman by them.
Intransitive
Verb
1.
He dreamt a bad dream. → Answer: A bad
dream was dreamt by him.
2.
You fought a fight. → Answer: A
fight was fought by you.
3.
He played a game. → Answer: A
game was played by him.
Negative
Sentence
(Sub + do not / does not + V1 +
ob)
1.
I do not take tea. → Answer: Tea
is not taken by me.
2.
He does not tell a lie. → Answer: A lie
is not told by him.
(Sub + did not + V1 + ob → ob + was / were + not + V3 + by + sub)
1.
The girl did not sing a song. → Answer: A song was not sung by the girl.
Ab¨vb¨ Auxiliary hy³ Negative evK¨ †K GKB wbqg
Abyhvqx Negative passive Kiv hvq|
Example:
1.
You have not done the sun. → Answer: The sum has not been done by you.
2.
I am not playing card. → Answer: Card
is not being played by me.
3.
I had not bought a ball. → Answer: A
ball had not been bought by me.
Interrogative Sentence: Interrogative evK¨ ‡K Interrogative
passive Ki‡Z nq|
(Do / does + S + V1 + ob → am / is / are + ob + V3 + by + sub)
Example:
1.
Do you help your mother? → Answer: Is
your mother helped by you.
2.
Does he make a garden? → Answer: Is a
garden made by him.
(Did + sub + V1 + ob)
1.
Did the boy kill a snake? → Answer: Was a
snake killed by the boy.
Ab¨vb¨ Auxiliary verb hy³
Interrogative evK¨ †K GKB wbq‡g passive Kiv hvq| †hgb;
Example:
1.
Have you work been completed the work?
Answer:
He has work been completed by you.
Imperative Sentence: (Verb
+ ob → Let + obj + be + V3)
wet `ªt Imperative evK¨ †K passive Ki‡Z n‡j let w`‡q ïi“ Ki‡Z n‡e|
Example:
1.
Do the work. → Answer: Let
the work be done.
2.
Help the poor. → Answer: Let
the poor be helped.
3.
Do not laugh at the poor. → Answer: Let
not laugh at the poor.
wet `ªt Let w`‡q I Imperative
evK¨ ïi“ nq|
Example:
1.
Let her pick flower. → Answer: Let
flower be picked by her.
W. H Gi
Passive
Who _vK‡j whom Ges whom _vK‡j who e‡m|
Example:
1.
Who has broken the glass? → Answer: By
whom has the glass been broken?
2.
Whom did you see? → Answer: Who
was seen by you?
W. H Gi
Passive
G ai‡bi ev‡K¨ When / if e‡m
Ges Sub Singular
n‡j it e‡m I Plural n‡j
they e‡m|
Example:
1.
Green mangoes taste sour. → Answer: Green
mangoes are sour when they are tested.
2.
Honey testes sweet. → Answer: Honey
is sweet when it is tasted.
wKQz Verb Av‡Q hv‡`i c‡i by wjL‡j English standard nq bv| Gme †¶‡Î verb Abymv‡i to, at, with e‡m| †hgb;
Know to, Pleased with (person), Pleased at
(thing), Annoyed with (person) Annoyed at (thing), Shocked at, Surprised at,
Seized with, Relieved of, Made up of, filled with,
Example:
1.
I know the man. → Answer: The
man is known to me.
2.
He pleased us all. → Answer: We
all were pleased with him.
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